|
The Khorchin (Mongolian ''Qorčin'', Chinese 科尔沁 ''Kē'ěrqìn'') dialect is a variety of Mongolian spoken in the east of Inner Mongolia, namely in Hinggan League, in the north, north-east and east of Hinggan and in all but the south of the Tongliao region.〔Sečenbaγatur et al. 2005: 565〕 There were 2,08 million Khorchin Mongols in China in 2000,〔Sečenbaγatur et al. 2005: 317〕 so the Khorchin dialect may well have more than one million speakers, making it the largest dialect of Inner Mongolia. ==Phonology== Khorchin has the consonant phonemes 〔Bayančoγtu 2002: Todurqayilalta 2-3; Bayančoγtu sometimes uses other symbols〕 and the vowel phonemes 〔Bayančoγtu 2002: 1, 80, Bayančoγtu also assumes a phoneme /ё/ (~ ), but following the analysis of Svantesson et al. 2005 that claims that Mongolian (except for Ordos) only distinguishes phonemic and non-phonemic vowels in non-initial syllables, we arrive at an analysis where and are in complementary distribution, thus constituting a single phoneme. We thus arrive at the similar phoneme system as that of Sečenbaγatur et al. 2005: 317 who, however, don't mention the vowel that is restricted to loanwords and doesn't play a role in the vowel harmony system of Khorchin.〕 The large vowel system hails from the depalatalization of consonants that left former allomorphic vowels as phonemes, hence and . On the other hand, *ö is absent, e.g. Proto-Mongolic > Kalmyk , Khalkha 'colour',〔Svantesson et al. 2005:135, 171〕 but Khorchin , thus merging with .〔Bayančoγtu 2002: 15〕 is absent in the native words of some varieties and is completely restricted to loanwords from Chinese,〔Bayančoγtu 2002: 28-29〕 but as these make up a very substantial part of Khorchin vocabulary, it is not feasible to postulate a separate loanword phonology. This also resulted in a vowel harmony system that is rather different from Chakhar and Khalkha: may appear in non-initial syllables of words without regard for vowel harmony, as may (e.g. 'horses' and 'expensive';〔Bayančoγtu 2002: 89, 91〕 Khalkha would have 'horses' and ). On the other hand, still determines a word as front-vocalic when appearing in the first syllable, which doesn't hold for and .〔Sečenbaγatur et al. 2005: 328-329〕 In some subdialects, and which originated from palatalized and , have changed vowel harmony class according to their acoustic properties and become front vowels in the system, and the same holds for their long counterparts. E.g. *mori-bar 'by horse' > Khorchin vs. Jalaid subdialect .〔Bayančoγtu 2002: 93〕 On the consonant side, has been replaced by , and in some varieties, is replaced by .〔Sečenbaγatur et al. 2005: 327〕 Then, *u (< *< *u) has regressively assimilated to before *p, e.g. *putaha (Written Mongolian budaγ-a) > pata ‘rice’.〔Qai yan 2005: 92〕 However, less systematic changes that pertain only to a number of words are far more notable, e.g. 'capacity'> Khorchin .〔Bayančoγtu 2002: 79〕 This last example also illustrates that Khorchin allows for the consonant nuclei and (cp. 'many').〔Bayančoγtu 2002: 109-110〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Khorchin Mongolian」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|